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------- Dissolvent ------

     For a long time, turpentine had been a necessary dissolvent in various paint formulation. As a dissolvent, because it contains double bond, turpentine can produce certain amount of peroxide in its drying process, thus speeding up the desiccation of flax oil or other oil. After the rise of petrochemical engineering, however, less and less turpentine was used as dissolvent because gasoline is relatively cheaper and more volatile. Currently, turpentine is mainly used as raw material for synthesizing industry.

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----- Borneol -----

      Borneol exists in natural fine oil. Dextral borneol exists in a certain tree species in Borneo of South Asia. Dextral borneol is also called “Ai Pian”, which exists in a certain species of herbage named “Ai Cao” in Guangdong and Guangxi of China. Because natural borneol supplies cannot meet the large volume of demand, using turpentine to synthesize borneol is developed.
Borneol is mainly used in medicine and aromatics industry.

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----- Synthetic Camphor ----- 

      Camphor is used in household as pest resistance and antiseptic. It is also used for film and celluloid in industry. It serves as stabilizer in cordite. In medicine, it can be used as Dexedrine and local anesthetic.

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----- Synthetic Resin ----- 

      Various terpene resin made from turpentine include polymerized α-pinene resin, polymerized β-pinene, etc. Dipentene, a by-product of synthetic camphor, is also an important raw material for terpene resin production.
      Terpene resin is characterized by high viscosity, good insulation and solubility. Combined with natural or synthetic rubber, it can increase the viscosity of rubber and prevent rubber from aging. It may serve as stabilizer of rubber. Regenerated rubber with terpene resin as an ingredient has improved strength and other properties.
      In textile industry, terpene resin can increase the fastness of rayon and make rayon water-proofed. Terpene resin can substitute latex for the processing of textile with similar effect.
Terpene resin is also used on adhesive tape and adhesive plaster, etc.

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-----  Synthetic Terpineol ----- 

      Terpineol has a broad range of usage, including aromatics, sanitary items and mine dressing. The demand for terpineol is consequently very large.
Terpineol has a lilac fragrance, often used in concoction flavor, perfumed soap and cosmetics. Other usages include odorous liquid, marcel agent, disinfector, detergent, etc.
Terpineol can be made into pesticide for livestock. This pesticide kills pests such as gadfly without stimulating animal body and skin. It even has some remedial effect on the wounds of animal body.
     In mine dressing, terpineol is used as foaming agent for the floatation of gold, silver, copper, tungsten, titanium and pyrite, etc. Using terpineol for the floatation of uranium is better than other enriching methods (such as gravity separation, electrostatic separation) in that it has lower cost and higher efficiency. Using terpineol to recycle uranium from slag waste, the recycling rate is as high as 75.1%.
     Terpineol is used as adjuvant in textile printing and dyeing, advisable to cotton, woolen, flax, silk and synthetic fiber. Terpineol can be used to produce high quality printing dye leading to evenly and firmly distributed colors with pleasing shines on the dyed textiles.

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----- Synthetic Aromatics ----- 

     Over 150 different monomer aromatics can be made from terpineol, such as geranial, nerol, neryl ketone, vanillin, hydroxyl vanillin, citral (material of vitamin A and vitamin E), irone, ionone, thymol, menthol, synthetic sandal, etc. These aromatics used to be obtained mainly from natural resources, and are therefore instable in production. Using terpineol will improve the product yield and quality.

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----- Plasticizer----- 

     The condensation between α-pinene and formaldehyde generates pinene-based methanol (A mixture of monobasic alcohol and dibasic alcohol). It can be changed into pinene-based methanol-low carbon acid ester (monobasic and dibasic alcohol esters), This mixture of esters is of low volatility. It is of good compatibility with polyvinyl chloride with no decompositions and coking in the processing. It’s an excellent plasticizer.
     Oxidized by ozone or potassium permanganate, α-pinene can be changed into pinone acid. Pinone acid can react with tridecyl alcohol to produce tridecyl pinone ester. This ester is highly compatible and dissolvable with polyvinyl chloride. Plasticized with this agent, the sample is stable to ultraviolet radiation and the eroding of mildew and bacterial.

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-----  Pesticide ----- 

      Some terpene compounds and terpineol, geraniol, etc can be used as lure for pests. They can effectively trap many species of pests and insects.
      Many kinds of terpene chloride or sulfide can serve as pesticide and disinfector to kill pests and bacteria. Isobornyl thiocyanoacetate, produced from camphene, is an effective pesticide for pests such as fly, flea, etc. It can also be made into sprays for household and livestock.

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----- Military and other special product ----- 

      Turpentine can be made into good heat-resistant lubricant suitable for jet engine and cold-resistant lubricant (-70-80ºC) suitable for the lubrication of ordnances in cold areas. Warships of US Navy use terpineol in their bottom paint to prevent parasitism of ocean organisms. Certain paint containing terpene resin specifically suitable for military items, which need frequent exams of rust spots such as cannon shot, torpedo, because it is smooth and transparent. Adding some turpentine sulfite into ordinary lubricant will avoid rust of machines been lubricated and prevent oxidization and colloidization of the lubricant, thus expanding the life span of the bearings.
      Put a thin film of terpene resin on newly cast concrete can shorten the hardening time of it, thus construction quality is assured.
      Pinane peroxide made from turpentine can be used as evoker for synthetic rubber. Polyether foam, a new kind of insulator, is made by reaction between pineonic acid-ethene ester and chloridized ene.

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